自然灾害英文(自然灾害英文单词)
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台风“烟花”来袭，我国东部地区频频受扰，大风、暴雨、雷暴等各种极端天气轮番问候。相信东部沿海地区的小伙伴们最近已经不止一次看过“水漫金山”了。每到台风季，沿海地区都饱受困扰，沿海地区的人民也渐渐习惯了同这类极端天气作抗争。
随着全球变暖的加剧，各种极端天气频发。常见的极端天气的英语表达是什么呢？一起来学习下吧！
01
flood 洪水；水灾
a very large amount of water that covers an area that is usually dry
例句：
Water burst through the dam and flooded local villages.
洪水决堤淹没了附近的村庄。
flood sb/sth with sth
大量地寄送（信、投诉等）
02
Earthquake 地震
a sudden shaking of the earth's surface that often causes a lot of damage
例句：
Kobe was devastated by the 1995 earthquake.
神户在1995年的地震中遭到极大的破坏。
quake也有因恐惧而颤抖的意思，例如：
Her voice was quaking with fear.
她的声音因害怕而颤抖。
03
Tsunami 海啸
An ocean wave or series of waves generated by any large, abrupt disturbance of the sea-surface by an earthquake in marine and coastal regions, as well as by a suboceanic landslide, volcanic eruption, or asteroid impact.
例句：
The explosion caused the Torishima earthquake and tsunami.
这一爆炸便导致了鸟岛的地震和海啸。
financial tsunami
金融海啸
04
Tornado 龙卷风，大旋风
an extremely violent storm consisting of air that spins very quickly and causes a lot of damage
例句：
The tornado destroyed two houses near Tulsa.
这场龙卷风摧毁了靠近塔尔萨的两栋房屋。
美国口语中，也用 twister 来指龙卷风。
05
Hurricane 飓风
a storm that has very strong, fast winds and that usually moves over water
例句：
The hurricane will reach the island this evening. Meanwhile, residents are being evacuated.
飓风将在今晚登陆该岛。在此之前，居民将被疏散。
typhoon、hurricane、cyclone（台风、飓风、气旋）这三个词都是代表同一个天气现象：产生于热带海洋上空、逼近陆地的气旋（也可以叫热带风暴）。只不过产生的海域和地区不同而已。
06
Blizzard 暴风雪
a very large amount of water that covers an area that is usually dry
例句：
Over 10 inches of snow fell in blizzard conditions with near zero visibility.
这场暴风雪中降雪超过了10英寸厚，能见度几乎是零。
a blizzard of
大量（要处理的事）
07
Wildfire 野火
a fire that moves quickly and cannot be controlled
例句：
Some 2,500 campers were evacuated from Yosemite Valley due to a wildfire.
由于野火的原因，大约2,500名露营者撤离了约塞米蒂谷。
spread like wildfire
（消息）不胫而走，迅速传播开来
08
Drought 干旱，久旱，旱灾
a long period of dry weather when there is not enough water
例句：
There have been drought conditions for the last two summers.
过去的两个夏季都有持续的旱情出现。
drought crisis
干旱危机
09
Hailstorm 雹暴
a storm when a lot of hail falls
例句：
Who, for instance, could have foreseen the 1984 Munich hailstorm that wrecked cars and roofs, causing insurance losses of more than $ 480m?
例如，有谁能预测到1984年那场摧毁汽车和房屋、造成4.8亿多美元保险损失的慕尼黑雹暴呢？
a political hailstorm
政治风暴
10
Thunderstorm 雷暴
a storm with thunder and lightning
例句：
Around 3 p.m. the dark clouds of the thunderstorm rolled in.
下午3点左右，乌云密布，雷暴将至。
成熟的雷暴表现为高度发展的积雨云（cumulonimbus cloud）。
11
Avalanche 雪崩
a large amount of snow, ice, and rocks that falls down the side of a mountain
例句：
Forty people are still unaccounted for after the avalanche.
在雪崩后依然有40人下落不明。
an avalanche of sth
雪片般的某物，大量的某物
12
Sandstorms and dust 沙尘暴
a storm in the desert in which sand is blown around by strong winds
例句：
In order to protect the residents from sandstorms and dust, the yards were surrounded on all sides by walls to become courtyards.
为了保护居民不受沙尘暴和灰尘的侵袭，庭院四周都围上了围墙，变成了庭院。
虽然“沙尘暴”一般英译为sandstorm，但这个词指“沙暴”更为准确——大风把沙粒吹入近地层所形成的挟沙风暴。
而“尘暴”则是dust storm——大风把大量尘埃及其他细颗粒物卷入高空所形成的风暴。
13
Cataclysm 自然灾害
a sudden natural event that causes a lot of damage, for example a flood or an earthquake
例句：
Even the wave from a cataclysm in or near our own galaxy will make the legs oscillate just a few billionths of a billionth of a percent in length, much less than the width of an atomic nucleus.
甚至由我们自己或近邻星系的灾变引起的波动也仅使两臂的振荡幅度达到其长度的10数量级，这远远小于原子核的宽度。
cataclysm也可以用来指（尤指社会或政治的）大变革，剧变。
来源：外研社公众号
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