东藏记读后感800
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为了更好地进行中国文学海外传播工作，让中国作品在海外被发现（Discover）、被理解（Understand）、被传播（Express），中国文化译研网（CCTSS）邀请国内资深文学主编及文学评论家，精选出近两百部短中长篇小说，形成第一期《中国当代文学作品指南》（简称“指南”），从更具权威性、价值性的角度出发，更好地向世界展示中国当代文学精品，传播中国书香。
春读书，兴味长，磨其砚，笔花香。现将“指南”中的精品文学作品以一日一推的方式向读者呈现，让我们不负春日好时光。
宗璞原名冯宗璞，1928年出生，河南唐河人。其父为著名哲学家冯友兰。抗战爆发后，随父亲到昆明，就读西南联大附属中学。1946年入南开大学外文系，1948年转入清华大学外文系。毕业后做过《世界文学》编辑，后来长期在中国社会科学院外国文学研究所工作。
主要有短篇小说《红豆》《不沉的湖》《弦上的梦》《三生石》等，还有系列长篇小说《野葫芦引》，包括《南渡记》《东藏记》《西征记记》。曾获得全国优秀中篇小说奖，茅盾文学奖。
ZongPuisthepennameofFengZhongpu(冯钟璞).Shewasbornin1928inBeijing.WithherhometownlocatedinTanghecounty,Henanprovince.HerfatherisMr.FengYoulan,afamousChinesephilosopher.UpontheoutbreakoftheWarofResistanceAgainstJapanin1937,shemovedwithherfathertoKunming,wheresheattendedaHighSchoolaffiliatedtoNationalSouthwesternAssociatedUniversity.In1946,shebeganhercollegestudyintheDepartmentofForeignLanguagesandLiteraturesatNankaiUniversity.In1948,shetransferredtotheDepartmentofForeignLanguagesandLiteraturesatTsinghuaUniversity.Upongraduationin1951,sheinitiallyworkedasaneditorforWorldLiterature.LatershewastransferredtoworkattheInstituteofForeignLiterature,ChineseAcademyofSocialSciences,untilherretirement.
HermainworksincludeshortstoriessuchasRedBeans,TheUnsinkableLake,DreamontheStrings,andTheEverlastingRockandetc.,aswellasaseriesofnovelsunderthetitleofTheWildGourdSuite,includingNoteofHeadingSouth,NoteofHidingintheEastandNoteofMarchingWest.Sheistherecipientofthe1977-1980NationalAwardforBestNovellaandtheMaoDunLiteraturePrizein2005.
《东藏记》
《东藏记》以昆明抗战期间明仑大学教授孟樾的一家人的生活为中心，波及到他们的同事、亲戚和朋友，写了历史特殊阶段个人的创痛，以及由此生发出的对生命的理解。
小说结构安排并不复杂，就是以时间为序，叙述学校南迁后师生的故事。作品并没有写大事件，而是写大学、家庭中的普通人事，侧重抗战南迁带来的影响。在对抗战期间知识分子的描写中，《东藏记》的视角是独特的，带有自叙传的意味，因此，真实素朴、具有震撼人心的力量。战争中，物质条件很恶劣，反而激发了民族感情，作品中洋溢着誓死战胜日本侵略者的决心。
在对人物心理的描摹中，作者展现出女性的细腻、敏锐，但又不温不火、雅正平和，这也跟作者写作时候的心态和视角有关，毕竟已经是对往事的回忆。
NoteofHidingintheEastunfoldsaroundtheMengfamilyinKunmingduringthewar,theirrelatives,friendsandcolleagues,describingtheirpainandsufferingcausedbythewarandtheresultantdeepinsightsintolife.
Thenovelfeaturesasimplestructureandnarratesastoryoffacultyandstudentsrelocationtothesouthinachronologicalorder.Itfocusesonthedailyoccurrencesinthefamilyandoncampussincetherelocationinsteadofthebigevents.Amongstliteraryworksonsimilarthemes,thisnovel,uniqueinitsautobiographicalperspective,issimple,truetolifeanddeeplytouching.Theharshmaterialconditionsduringthewaractuallyinspirepatrioticfervor.Thenovelexudesthoroughdeterminationtoachievevictorythroughout.
Theauthordescribesthepsychologyofthecharactersinadelicate,acuteandwell-balancedmanner.Sheisreminiscentofherownchildhoodandyouthduringthewar.
作品概要
Synopsis
抗战期间的1938年，明仑大学迁到昆明，建立了简易的校舍，坚持办学。历史系教授孟樾和妻子吕碧初都很喜欢昆明的气候，只是，由于经常遭到敌机轰炸，经常需要跑警报。大女儿峨在上美国教师课的时候，遇到了自己以前的男同学。周末，碧初一家人去给大姐素初庆祝生日，来到了阎公馆，在重庆的二姐绛初、澹台勉夫妇也来了，三姐妹在战乱的昆明相聚。素初的丈夫严亮祖是滇军将领，参加过台儿庄战役，立有战功，因在武汉保卫战中有闪失，如今在昆明修整部队，等候再赴前线。严亮祖的妾荷珠养了癞蛤蟆等古怪东西，为了辟邪，是家里权力的拥有者。聚会期间，收到北平寄来的讣告，得知吕老先生去世。
孟家去郊外祭祀碧初的父亲，遇到了敌机轰炸，二女儿嵋被震昏。回到城里，发现自己房前有个老式小汽车般大的弹坑，房子倒塌了一半。孟樾从瓦砾中挖出了床、桌椅和器皿，书箱里的书稿也平安，儿子小娃还从中刨出了砚台。小娃喜欢飞机，但已经明白事理，不喜欢杀人的飞机。碧初在《炸不倒的腊梅林》中，记叙了对父亲的思念，讲述了抗战中家庭成员的情况，说，“腊梅林是炸不倒的”，“无论怎样的艰难，逃难、轰炸、疾病……我们都会战胜，然后脱出一个新的自己”。
旧历年后，嵋上办在山上的中学昆菁学校，住宿舍时结识了富家女殷大士。熄灯后，嵋和殷大士等几个同学去山下偷吃蚕豆和看月亮，赵玉屏被蛇咬伤了。跑警报成为昆明人生活的一部分内容，明仑大学的师生逐渐有了经验，他们带着马扎到城外继续上课，直到轰炸机的马达声淹没了讲课的声音才去隐蔽。
嵋在学校发烧，被送下山住进医院，碧初决定将家搬到乡下。1939年夏初，孟樾家迁到了龙尾村，与中文系教师钱明经是邻居。房东姓赵，家里养着猪、鸡、猫、狗和马，条件尚可，就是如厕不便。碧初去打水时，听到钱家发出轻微笑声，水桶掉进井里后喊钱的夫人惠枌帮忙，却无人答应，这才想起惠枌已经进城。碧初让惠枌帮自己剪掉了长发，听她说了亲戚卫葑和妻子雪妍在贵阳的消息。钱明经研究甲骨文，还有经商才能，对玉石、宝石都有兴趣，风流韵事不断，都得到了惠枌原谅，而这次，惠枌发现他又有外遇，坚决要求离婚。钱明经想升教授，去拜访古文字学专家白礼文，白礼文学问虽好，但性情怪癖，喜欢骂人。
卫葑和雪妍从贵阳辗转而来，风尘仆仆，找到了孟樾家，见面后都很感慨。卫葑1937年从北平到延安，任抗大文化教员，后来调到电台工作。雪妍收到卫葑让她来延安的消息，在卫葑朋友的护送下，来到延安，为自己父亲当了汉奸而羞愧。过了一段时间，卫葑又被安排到明仑大学教书扩大影响，与雪妍一同来到昆明。
雪妍在《流不尽的芒河水》中，记述了自己来到明仑大学后的新生活，她找到了在学校教法文的工作，还学会了做饭和洗衣服。1940年5月的一个夜晚，庄卣辰教授做名为“欧洲战场”的时事讲座，之后，峨、仉新雷等到茶馆小坐。峨参加植物标本采集课，坐船到滇池中心，来到太华寺。峨求了一签，上写“强求不可得，何必用强求！随缘且随分，自然不可谋。”
举行毕业典礼的时候，遇到了空袭警报，只能匆忙散会，师生唱起了雄壮的校歌，压倒了凌厉的警报声。放暑假后，孟樾和碧初向孩子们宣布搬家，到宝台山上一个文科研究所的侧院住。物质方面仍很艰苦，但经常有人来拜访，有次白礼文来，晚饭将碧初给大家炖的肉吃了一半。珍珠港事件之后，跑警报少得多了，昆明的春天又来了。在一次劳军演出中，犹太人米老人的妻子宝斐意外流产，让大家关注了这个没有国度的民族。米老人在《流浪犹太人的苦难故事》中写到，对于犹太人来说，哪里是国和家？米老人曾经在青岛工作，回德国家乡后因为是犹太人而遭到歧视。他与妻子找不到收留的国度，而中国接纳了他，但在来中国的船上妻子去世。在船上他结识了同为犹太人，也流亡中国的宝斐。宝斐的丈夫和儿子被纳粹杀死，脸上也留下了伤疤，因为共同的命运，他们同病相怜，后来结婚。
暑假将至，又到了续聘的时候，离校一年的白礼文突然回来，但学校不再聘请他。碧初、惠枌等几位太太自己动手做大葱肉馅包子、芝麻糖馅包子和椒盐花卷，摆了一个“太太摊”来卖，很受欢迎，但遭到峨的反对。有天雪妍路过来帮助，却晕倒了，郎中前来，诊断为喜脉。
昆明比几年前繁华得多，经常能见到开着吉普车横冲直撞的美国空军，还开张了一家新式电影院。峨喜欢萧子蔚教授，前去表白，被婉拒。却遇到仉新雷来求婚，峨当即答应。回去告诉父母的路上，仉新雷为躲避军车掉下悬崖摔死了，峨也受了轻伤，她坚持在报纸上登出了二人订婚的启事。碧初想把一幅翡翠耳坠和别针变卖补贴家用，正好钱明经来看孟樾，就带走了。孟樾写宋史的文章有影射之嫌，有两个人来到孟家，不说原因把孟樾带走了，到半路又将他释放。严亮祖准备上前线，来辞别孟樾一家。雪妍生了一个儿子，取名卫凌难。一天，雪妍去潭边洗衣服，不慎落水而死。《卫凌难之歌》以卫凌难的口吻，写了失去母亲的孩子的辛酸和对战争的控诉，他只有哭，“哭是我的歌”。孟樾一家返回了城里。嵋参加了义演，但是义演的行为却遭到质疑，因有人利用捐款大吃大喝。
春去夏来，昆明花事繁忙，人事也发生着变化。卫葑离开了昆明。嵋高中毕业，考上了明仑大学的数学系。昆明各校领导召开了会议，按照部署，大学要迁校，四年级学生要服兵役上战场。无论如何，每个人心上都有一句话，“我们决不投降！”
In1938,thesecondyearoftheWarofResistanceAgainstJapan,MinglunUniversityisrelocatedtoKunming,thecapitalofChina’ssouthwesternprovinceYunnan,wheremakeshiftbuildingsareconstructedinordertocontinueeducating.MengYue,aprofessorofhistory,andhiswifeLüBichubothenjoytheweatherinKunming,althoughtheyconstantlyneedtoseekshelteragainstenemyairraids.Er,theireldestdaughtermeetsherex-maleclassmateduringaclasswithanAmericanteacher.Oneweekend,Bichu’sfamilyvisitsthemansionoftheYanfamily,thehomeofhereldestsisterSuchu,tocelebrateherbirthday.Jiangchu,hersecondeldersister,andTantaiMian,herhusband,alsocomefromChongqing,theprovisionalcapitalduringtheWar,fortheoccasion.Thethreesisterscelebratetheirreunioninwar-ravagedKunming.YanLiangzu,Suchu’shusband,isageneraloftheYunnanarmy.HeserveswithdistinctioninTheBattleofTai’erzhuang.LaterhesuffersamishapduringtheBattleofWuhan,thewartimeprovisionalcapitalbeforeitfallstotheJapanesein1938.Heiscurrentlyreassemblinghistroopsinanticipationofmarchingagaintothefrontlines.Hezhu,hisconcubine,istherealmistressofthehousehold.Shekeepsweirdthingsliketoadstoexorciseevilspirits.Duringthereunion,anobituaryarrivesfromBeiping(nameofBeijingfrom1928to1949,whenNanjingwastheofficialcapitaloftheRepublicofChina),announcingthepassingofthefatherofthethreesisters.
TheMengfamilyholdsamemorialserviceforBichu’sfatherinthesuburbs.Theycomeunderenemyairraid.Mei,theseconddaughter,faintsfromshellshock.BackinKunming,thefamilydiscoversacraterthesizeofavintagecarinfrontoftheirhouse,whichishalfdemolishedbytheairraid.MengYuemanagestorecoverpiecesoffurnituresuchastheirbed,tableandchairsaswellasutensilsfromtherubble.Hismanuscriptsarealsofoundintactinhisbookcase.Xiaowa,hisson,alsodigsoutfromtherubbleaninkstone.Xiaowahasbynowgrownoutofhisfascinationwithaeroplanes,whichhenowseesasmurderweapons.
InherarticleTheWinter-SweetGrovethatWillnotFalltoEnemyBombs,Bichuexpresseshermemoryofherfatheranddescribestheconditionofherfamilyduringthewar.Shestatesthat,“thewinter-sweetgrovewillnotfalltoenemybombs,”and“whateverthehardship,flight,bombing,disease...weshallovercomeandbuildanewlifeforourselves.”
AfterthelunarNewYear,MeistartstoattendtheKunjingHighSchoolforGirls,whichissituatedonthemountains.ShegetstoknowYinDashi,aclassmatefromaprosperousfamily.Afterlightsout,Mei,YinDashiandacoupleofotherclassmatessneakouttothefootofthemountaintoeatbeansandwatchthemoon.ZhaoYuping,oneofherclassmates,suffersasnakebite.
ItispartofdailyroutineforwartimeKunmingresidentstoseekshelteruponthesoundingofairraidalarm.FacultyandstudentsofMinglunUniversityhavebecomeusedtothis.Wheneverairraidalarmsbegintosound,theywillescapewithcampstoolstothesuburbstocontinuetheirclass.Theywillonlygointoshelteroncethedroneofenemybombersdrownsoutthesoundoftheirdiscussion.
Meifallssickwithfever.Sheismovedfromtheschoolandcheckedintoahospital.Bichudecidestomovethefamilytothecountryside.
Earlyinthesummerof1939theMengfamilymovestoLongweivillage.TheirneighborisQianMingjing,alecturerfromtheChineseDepartment.Mr.Zhao,thelandlord,keepspigs,chickens,cats,dogsandhorses.Thelivingconditionsarepassableexceptfortheinconvenientsanitaryarrangement.Oneday,whenBichugoestofetchwaterfromthewell,shehearslightlaughterinQian’shome.Whenthepailfallstothebottomofthewell,BichucallsHuifen,Mrs.Qian,forhelpandreceivesnoanswer.ShethenrecallsthatHuifenhasleftfortown.BichuasksHuifentohelpcutherlonghairandlearnsfromHuifenthenewsthatWeiFeng,herrelative,andhiswife,Xueyan,areinGuiyang,thecapitalofneighboringprovinceofGuizhou.QianMingjingstudiesoracleboneinscriptionsand,withbusinessacumen,dealsinjadeandpreciousstones.Hehashadvariousextra-maritalaffairs,whichhavesofarallbeenforgivenbyHuifen.Upondiscoveryofhislatestaffair,however,Huifeninsistsonadivorce.QianMingjingdesirespromotiontoprofessorshipandvisitsBaiLiwen,anexpertonpaleography,toseekhissupport.Eruditeasheis,BaiLiweniseccentricandpronetoverbalabuse.
WeifengandXueyanarriveatMengYue’shomeafteralongandarduousjourneyfromGuiyang.Theyrecallthepastwithstrongemotions.In1937,WeifengarrivesinYan’anfromBeiping.FirstheworksasateacherattheChinesePeople’sMilitaryandPoliticalUniversityagainstJapanandthenleavestoworkataradiostation.XueyanreceivesWeifeng’smessage,askinghertojoinhiminYan’an.AshamedofthefactthatherfatherhasbecomeacollaboratorwiththeJapaneseaggressors,shecomestoYan’anundertheescortofWeifeng’sfriend.Sometimelater,theCommunistPartyofChinaarrangesforWeifengtoteachatMinglunUniversityinordertoexpandtheinfluenceoftheParty.Consequently,WeifengandXueyancometoKunmingtogether.
InherarticleEndlesslyFlowstheMangRiver,XueyandescribeshernewlifeatMinglunUniversity:shehasfoundapostteachingFrenchandlearnedtocookandlaunder.
OneeveninginMay1940,afterattendingalecturebyprofessorZhuangYouchenonthecurrentsituationof“theWarintheEuropeanTheater,”Er,ZhangXinleiandotherstudentschatinateashop.Duringherfieldtriptocollectspecimenforthebotanyclass,ErsailstothecenteroftheDianLakeandasksforanoraclebambooslipatTaihuatemple,whichrevealstoherthat“allgoodmatchesaremadeinheavenandoccurbydivinewillonly.”
Thegraduationceremonyhastobebrokenupinahurryduetoairraidwarning.However,teachersandstudentssingthemagnificentschoolsonganddrownoutthesharpnoiseofairraidwarning.Duringthesummervacation,theMengfamilymovestothesideyardofaresearchinstituteforthehumanitiesonBaotaiMountain.Thoughlivinghandtomouththemselves,theystillreceiveandentertainmanyvisitors.OnceBaiLiwencomesandgobblesuphalfofthemeatdishfordinner.AfterthePearlHarborincident,airraidsoccurlessfrequently.SpringreturnstoKunming.Duringoneoftheperformancesforthetroops,Baofei,wifeofMr.Mi,theelderlyJewishgentleman,suffersamiscarriage,drawingattentiontothiswanderingracewithoutanation.
InhisarticleTheTrialandTribulationofaWanderingJew,Mr.MiwonderswherecountryandhomeareforaJew.HeonceworkedinQingdao,aonceGermanconcessionandwasdiscriminatedagainstoncebackinGermanyduetohisrace.Whileothercountriesrefusetoaccepttherequestofasylumbyhimandhiswife,Chinaopensherdoortothem.Tragically,hiswifediesontheboattoChina.OntheboathegetstoknowBaofei,aJewesswithascaronherface,whosehusbandandsonhavebeenmurderedbytheNazis.Unitedbyacommonfate,theyconsoleeachotherandfinallygetmarried.
AroundthetimeMinglunUniversitydecideswhethertocontinuetoengagemembersofthefaculty,BaiLiwen,absentforayear,suddenlyreturns,onlytobetoldthathiscontractwillnotberenewed.Bichu,Huifenandotherwivesofmembersofthefacultyopenupastalltosellsteamedbunswithfillingssuchasscallionsandmeat,sesameandsugaraswellastwistedsteamedrollswithsaltandpepper.Theirbusinessbooms.However,Erdoesnotapprove.Oneday,Xueyandropsbytolendahandandsuddenlyfaints.Thedoctordeclaresthatsheispregnant.
Kunmingisnowmuchmoreprosperousthancomparedwithafewyearsago.JeepsdrivenbycrewsofUSairforcecanbefrequentlyseenonthestreets.Anewcinemawithstate-of-the-artfacilitieshasopenedup.ErdeclaresheraffectiontoprofessorXiaoZiweiandreceivesagentlerefusal.WhenZhangXinleiproposes,sheimmediatelyaccepts.Onthewaytobreakingthenewstoherparents,toavoidcollisionwithmilitaryvehicle,ZhangXinleiveersandfallsofftheclifftohisdeathwhileErsuffersamildinjury.Atherinsistence,newsoftheirengagementispublishedinthepaper.Bichuwantstosellherjadeearpendantsandpinstopayfordailyexpenses.QianMingjinghappenstovisitandtakethemawaytolookforpotentialbuyers.ThearticlespennedbyMengYueonthehistoryofSongdynastyareconstruedasanimplicitattackonthegovernment.TwoagentstakeawayMengYuewithoutgivingareasonandreleasehimhalfway.YanLiangzucomestobidfarewelltotheMengfamilyasheisreadytomarchtothefrontlines.
XueyangivesbirthtoasonandnameshimWeiLingnan.Oneday,shecomestothepondtolaunderandfallsintothewatertoherdeath.InTheSongofWeiLingnan,hersonexpressesthepainatthelossofhismotherandcondemnsthewar.Hecanonlycry,“cryingismysong”.TheMengfamilyreturnstothecity.Meiparticipatesinacharityperformance,whosemotiveishoweverthrownintodoubtduetosuspectedembezzlement.
Springgoesandsummercomes.Kunmingisinbloom.Peoplechangetoo.WeifengleavesKunming.MeigraduatesfromhighschoolandisadmittedtothemathdepartmentatMinglunUniversity.TheleadershipatuniversitiesinKunmingconvenesmeetings.Accordingtotheplanpromulgated,theuniversitieswillberelocatedandseniorstudentswillbedraftedintothearmy.Itistheconsensusamongstallthat“weshallneversurrender.”
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